Establishing access to operational areas where joint forces will operate occurs during which phase?

The phase in which establishing access to operational areas for joint forces occurs is during the Shape phase. This phase is focused on preparing the operational environment to ensure that forces can move freely and effectively. Activities in the Shape phase involve diplomacy, collaborative efforts with allies, and other preventive measures that create conditions favorable for military operations. It is about influencing the operational environment to facilitate future actions, ensuring that the necessary infrastructure, resources, and support from various partners are in place.

During the Engage phase, joint forces typically carry out operations and engagements upon access being established. The React phase concerns responding to immediate threats or requirements that arise unexpectedly. The Plan phase focuses on the detailed planning of operations and allocation of resources, which happens after access has already been established. Therefore, the correct identification of the Shape phase highlights its critical role in preparing for successful military operations by ensuring access to necessary areas.